A revealing study by the National Bank of Poland shows that one in five Ukrainian refugees is male

One in five adult Ukrainian refugees in Poland is male, according to the latest research published by the National Bank of Poland. The proportion slightly increased in 2023, as indicated by the study results posted on the bank's website.

Until 2022, the gender ratio among Ukrainian migrants was 55% female to 45% male. However, among those who arrived in the last two years, it is now 78% female to 22% male (compared to 19% male at the end of 2022).

The main source of income for Ukrainian migrants is their salary, but the economic situation for refugees is more difficult than for pre-war migrants. The integration of refugees into the Polish labor market has slowed down compared to 2022.

Ukrainian migrants are well-educated individuals, but their wages depend more on the industry and the time of their arrival than on their level of education. Ukrainians working in IT, construction, and transportation tend to receive relatively higher salaries, which is true for both pre-war migrants and refugees.

The average salary is just under 3,500 zlotys (about $853).

State social assistance (often in the form of child support under the "500+" program) is received by 31% of pre-war migrants and 53% of refugees. This is a decrease compared to the previous survey conducted one year ago.

Differences persist between pre-war migrants and refugees in their plans for future residence in Poland, although the percentage of the latter intending to stay abroad longer has increased slightly.

The National Bank of Poland conducted the survey between May and July 2023 in all voivodeships. A total of 3,658 interviews were conducted with Ukrainian migrants, including those who arrived before 2022 and war refugees.